3、谓语动词
谓语动词的主谓一致
①、主谓分割原则
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize1 strength and freedom.
BCD
剖析：C错，应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
②、与后者一致原则
notbut, 强调but后面的名词，
not onlybut also
③、与前者一致原则
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is,
中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词维持一致
例：The athlete, together with his coach and
ABC
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
剖析：D错，与谓语动词与the athlete 维持一致，改为is
④、就近原则
or, eitheror, neithernor,
单数名词+or+复数名词+are
假如把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那样变为is
所以注意一点： 若是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数
若是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
AB
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
剖析：A错，应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断，主语应该为复数，or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词维持一致，behavior是用单数形式，因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上维持一致。
⑤定语从句主语就近原则
There are five apples that are red.
apples是复数，因此从句谓语动词是复数。
例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
剖析：D错，应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数，其谓语动词应为单数形式。
⑥the +形容词主谓一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一类人，应该用复数
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种状况：
a. there be 句型
there be+名词+名词，那样近期的名词决定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词，名词其实是主语，所以be和名词维持一致
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
ABCD
剖析：there be 句型由近期的名词决定其形式，society当然用单数，A错，there are 改为there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
AB
Ocean are a dry coastal2 strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
剖析：倒装句，are改为is
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
AB C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
剖析：D错，应改为films , 主语事实上是名词，应该与谓语动词维持一致。
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致
fifty percent of + 名词
one percent of + 名词
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没关系，主要取决于后面的名词，譬如：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
这里要强调两个结构
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可数名词+ are
most of + 不可数名词+ is
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters3 has been
ABC
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
剖析：C错，应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语，作主语的中心词half当然表复数，相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。
例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized4
AB
in the United States are for foods and beverages5.
C D
剖析：A错，应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同类型的食品，beverage用复数表示不同类型的饮料，故（C）、（D）均没错。
谓语动词的时态
①、主要考察时间状语
例 The metal aluminum6 has been first isolated7 early in the nineteenth century.
A BCD
剖析：metal, aluminum同位语，in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态，把has been改为was
②、For和since有什么区别
不同1、For 后面用时间段，since 后面用时间点
不同2、Since 只可以用在目前完成时态，For 最主要用在目前完成时和一般过去时
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.
I was a teacher for three years.这种表达可以，for three years表示一段时间，was 表示过去做了三年，目前不是老师了
例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
AB
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
剖析：A错，应改 In. since一般需要主句用完成时态，而句中谓语动词为过去式，其时间状语应与之呼应，故改Since为In。
例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
剖析：D错，应改为for。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语动词为一般完成时；主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for；而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns8 lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
ABC D
自然现象和客观事实用一般目前时态，live
谓语的语态
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。
有四组动词是改错题中常考的：
①、prove
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的
尽管是被证明，但习惯上用主动；
例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming
A
to have seen the legendary9 Loch Ness Monster have proven to be
BC
mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
D
剖析：D错，应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词，假如把D理解为并列句，不只时态不对，语义也有问题，故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。
②、Locate，Situate
这两个词可以用作主动，表示把放置在地方；确定的地方
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的地方
这两个词也可以用作被动
My school was located near the river.
区别locate的主动和被动比较难，但有一个方法存在：locate假如用作主动，后面需要跟宾语
例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip10 joint11.
locates
locating
to locate
is located
剖析：空格处显然缺谓语动词，故第一排除不可以作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没宾语，所以用作被动,表示坐落于，所以D为正确选项。
③、表示需要定义的动词
need, want, require等
My watch needed repairing
My watch needed to be repaired.
④、表示人的情感的动词
move, annoy, surprise, please等
He is so moving.他让人感到感动。
He is greatly moved. 他感到很感动。
主动和被动方法总结：
假如句子中有一个过去分词+by, 假如判定它是谓语的话，前面势必有be动词
例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the
A
United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,
B
power structures, and flood-control works along
C
the Tennessee River and its tributary12 streams.
D
剖析：A错，应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式
